Under market economy conditions, forestry produces two main types of products (or services), one is a variety of forest products that have a price, they are commodities that can be used for exchange, such as timber, tea, fruit, etc.. These products can be exclusive to the operator and can be sold, transferred, leased, etc. for profit. Since there is price information, resources can be allocated through the market, which is the commodity forest. The other category is a variety of output (services) without price, such as water and soil conservation, water conservation, wind and sand control, climate regulation, landscaping and other services, the possession and consumption of these services is difficult to exclude others, the operator can not sell and exchange its benefits, and it is impossible to allocate resources through the market, is the ecological public welfare forest.

The public welfare forest construction takes ecological protection, biodiversity protection and territorial security as the management purpose, maximizes the ecological and social benefits as the goal, follows the law of natural forest succession and the characteristics of the diversity of natural community hierarchy, adopts mixed needle and broad, multi-species, multi-level, different age and reasonable density of forest structure. The forestry system is based on the combination of planting, planting, artificial planting and replanting, management and care, sealing and breeding, and the combination of trees, irrigation and grass, with the main focus on forestry and natural regeneration, supplemented by artificial promotion of natural regeneration.

Commercial forest construction to provide timber and forest products to the community as the main business purpose, the pursuit of maximum economic benefits as the goal, to make extensive use of new management techniques, cultivation measures and business models, the implementation of high input, high output, high-tech, high efficiency, directional cultivation, base production, intensive scale management. To commercial forest base as the first workshop, extend the forest industry and forest by-products processing industry chain, build trade, industry and forestry integrated commercial forestry.

In short, public welfare forestry belongs to social public welfare, mainly to play ecological and social benefits, according to the public welfare construction management, by financial investment at all levels and the organization of social forces to build, mainly relying on legal and administrative means of management, supplemented by the necessary economic means. Commercial forestry belongs to the basic industry, the main pursuit of economic benefits, relying on the market to regulate its development, the implementation of enterprise management, management by economic and legal means, according to market needs to organize production, independent management, self-sustaining.

The original article is taken from：Haikou City Forestry Bureau

http://lyj.haikou.gov.cn//hkslyj/ywwd/201910/74ffaac7e9da4433abc055cd311e839a.shtml